JAVA SCRIPT TYPES

JavaScript provides a flexible, yet occasionally surprising, method of handling data types because it is a dynamic, loosely-typed language. Primitive and non-primitive (reference) types are fundamental components of JavaScript. The most fundamental data units are called primitive types, and they include BigInt, Symbol, String, Number, Boolean, Null, and Undefined. A string is just a collection of text, such as "Hello, world!" that are surrounded by single or double quotes. An integer or floating-point value, as 42 or 3.14, can be considered a number. Boolean is frequently used in condition checks because it represents logical values that can only be true or false. . Next is Null, which is a purposeful non-value that is used to express "no value" or "empty" on purpose. Undefined, on the other hand, indicates that a variable has been declared but not yet given a value. BigInt, which JavaScript introduced with ES2020, lets you work with numbers larger than 2^53 or outside of the safe integer range for standard numbers. In order to prevent name clashes, object property keys frequently use Symbol, another ES6 innovation that denotes a distinct and unchangeable identifier. These primitive types are immutable, which means that while variables can be redistributed, their actual values cannot. Objects, arrays, functions, and more intricate structures like maps, sets, and dates are examples of non-primitive types. Essentially, non-primitive types are reference types, which means that when you pass or assign them, you're working with a reference (or memory location) rather than the value itself. Perhaps the most used structure in JavaScript, an object is a group of key-value pairs that frequently represent actual entities. Although arrays are technically objects as well, they are numerically indexed and store ordered lists. JavaScript has strong functional programming capabilities because its functions are first-class citizens, which means they can be supplied as arguments, saved in variables, and returned from other functions. Newer data structures that allow more specialized use cases than arrays or simple objects include Set, which stores unique values only, and Map, which stores key-value pairs with keys of any type. It's also important to note that JavaScript has a special feature called type coercion that allows types to change automatically while operations are being performed. When you add a number to a string, for example, 5 + "5" yields "55" because the number is forced into the string. The built-in typeof operator can be used to determine the type of a value, however it has peculiarities. For instance, typeof null returns "object," which is a known peculiarity in JavaScript. Writing reliable, error-free code requires an understanding of these types and their peculiarities. Static typing for JavaScript has been introduced over time by tools like TypeScript, which aid developers in identifying type-related problems early in the development cycle. But even in simple JavaScript, knowing types makes it easier to design cleaner logic, prevent bugs, and work with others more effectively. .